Review of methods for tuned frequency generation using optical parametric oscillators based on periodically poled lithium niobate

Ugrasen Singh, Abhinav Kumar, Prashant Povel Dwivedi^*, Ajay Mishra and Nimish Dixit

Abstract

Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPOs) enable tunable light generation across a broad spectral range by utilizing nonlinear optical interactions. Achieving precise wavelength control in OPOs requires effective tuning mechanisms; for these tuning mechanisms, various methods have been developed. Among these methods, effective approaches include angle tuning, temperature tuning, quasi-phase matching, cavity length tuning, pump wavelength tuning, electro-optic tuning and fan-out grating tuning. Each method has specific advantages and limitations based on phase-matching conditions, tuning speed, and spectral coverage. This review explores these various tuning methods in detail, examining their principles, practical applications, advantages, and limitations. By providing a comprehensive analysis of how each method impacts OPO performance, it highlights their importance in achieving precise wavelength control. Additionally, this study emphasizes the need to select the most suitable tuning technique based on specific operational requirements.